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Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 6 800 new infections and 3 700 deaths from cervical cancer every year in South Africa. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in this country with the age-standardised incidence rate of 30 per 100 000 per year (Mqoqi et al, 2004).

The policy brief asks whether a cervical cancer prevention programme that includes an HPV vaccine is more cost effective than the  current strategy of screening alone.

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